It basically monitors the chips resources. If it detects "problems" or potential "problems” it can adjust other fuses to regulate itself... "Repair itself" some might say...
So if a part of the chip starts taking too much power or what have you the eFuse can catch it, turn on a few fuses and adjust it or regulate it before damage occurs.
In the article here... the author is simply saying, since the eFuse is present it can be controlled by software commands. So the POSSIBILTY of MS or someone else sending a code to "destroy" itself is present...
But as others may have said above... this is most likely VERY unlikely that MS would do this.
Ignore spelling please...
It might be possible if they did, modders could find what electrical signal that if that MS would send and make a program to disable that signal from coming to the Efuse and thus not destroy the 360box.